Home
/
NowPatient Blog
/
What is a renal cyst?

What is a renal cyst?

Navin Khosla NowPatientGreen tick
Created on 16 Jul 2024
Updated on 18 Jul 2024

Kidney cysts, also known as renal cysts, are fluid-filled sacs that can develop on or within the kidneys. These cysts can vary in size and shape, ranging from small, pea-sized cysts to larger cysts that can be as large as a golf ball. While most kidney cysts are benign and do not cause any symptoms or health complications, some cysts can grow larger over time or become symptomatic, requiring medical attention.

In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the various aspects of kidney cysts, including their causes, symptoms, and treatment options. We will also explore the prevalence of kidney cysts, risk factors associated with their development, and steps that can be taken to prevent their occurrence. Additionally, we will discuss the diagnostic procedures used to identify kidney cysts and the different treatment approaches available, including both non-invasive and surgical interventions.

Understanding kidney cysts

Types of kidney cysts

There are two primary types of kidney cysts: simple kidney cysts and complex kidney cysts. Simple kidney cysts are the most common and are usually harmless, whereas complex kidney cysts have the potential to be cancerous or cause health problems.

Simple renal cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on the surface or within the nephrons of the kidneys. They are typically small in size, measuring less than 2 inches in diameter. These cysts are usually round or oval in shape and have thin walls. Simple cysts are usually asymptomatic and do not require treatment unless they become large enough to cause discomfort or other complications.

Complex kidney cysts, on the other hand, are less common and have characteristics that differentiate them from simple cysts. Complex renal cysts have more complicated structures, including thick walls, septations, and calcification. There are different levels of complexity, ranging from category I to category IV, with category IV cysts having the highest likelihood of being cancerous.

Prevalence and risk factors

How common are kidney cysts?

Kidney cysts are relatively common, especially among older individuals. Studies have shown that approximately 1 in 10 people have kidney cysts, with the prevalence increasing to nearly 1 in 5 among individuals aged 50 and older. Men are also more likely to develop kidney cysts compared to women, with a higher incidence observed in males.

Risk factors for kidney cysts

While the exact cause of kidney cysts is not fully understood, several risk factors have been identified. Advancing age is a significant risk factor, as the prevalence of kidney cysts increases with age. Additionally, male individuals are more prone to developing kidney cysts than their female counterparts. Other risk factors include a family history of kidney cysts and certain genetic conditions, such as polycystic kidney disease (PKD).

Symptoms and complications

Identifying symptoms of kidney cysts

In most cases, kidney cysts do not cause any noticeable symptoms and are often discovered incidentally during imaging tests for unrelated conditions. However, larger cysts or those that become symptomatic can lead to various signs and symptoms. These may include dull pain or discomfort in the back or side, fever, upper stomach pain, frequent urination, and the presence of blood in the urine. It is important to note that these symptoms can also be indicative of other underlying conditions, so proper diagnosis is crucial.

Potential complications

While most kidney cysts are harmless and do not lead to complications, certain circumstances can give rise to complications. These include:

  • Infection: If a kidney cyst becomes infected, it can cause fever, pain, and tenderness
  • Blockage of urine: A large cyst can obstruct the normal urine flow, leading to kidney swelling and potential kidney damage
  • Rupture: In rare cases, a kidney cyst may rupture, causing severe pain and blood in the urine
  • High blood pressure: Kidney cysts can sometimes contribute to the development of high blood pressure

Causes of kidney cysts

The exact cause of kidney cysts is not fully understood, but several factors may contribute to their development. Kidney cysts are believed to result from abnormalities or weaknesses in the kidney’s tubules, which are responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine. These abnormalities can lead to the formation of fluid-filled sacs that eventually become cysts. While some kidney cysts may be inherited or associated with genetic conditions, most are acquired and not directly linked to family history.

Diagnosing kidney cysts

Imaging tests for kidney cysts

Kidney cysts are often diagnosed through imaging tests, which allow healthcare professionals to visualize the kidneys and identify any abnormal growths or cysts. The most commonly used imaging modalities for diagnosing kidney cysts include:

  • Ultrasound: This non-invasive procedure uses sound waves to create images of the kidneys. It is beneficial for identifying the presence, size, and location of kidney cysts
  • Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: CT scans provide detailed cross-sectional images of the kidneys, allowing healthcare professionals to visualize cysts and differentiate them from solid masses
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): MRI scans use powerful magnets and radio waves to produce detailed images of the kidneys. They are particularly helpful in distinguishing between cysts and solid masses

Lab tests to assess kidney function

In addition to imaging tests, healthcare professionals may order lab tests to assess kidney function and rule out any underlying conditions. These tests may include blood tests to measure kidney function markers such as creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Urine tests may also be performed to evaluate kidney function and check for the presence of blood or other abnormalities.

Treatment options

Monitoring and observation

Kidney cysts often do not require active treatment and can be monitored through regular imaging tests. Asymptomatic cysts that do not cause complications or affect kidney function can be observed over time to ensure stability and rule out any changes or growth.

Intervention for symptomatic kidney cysts

If a kidney cyst becomes symptomatic or leads to complications, intervention may be necessary. The choice of intervention depends on factors such as the size and location of the cyst, the severity of symptoms, and the individual’s overall health. Treatments may include:

  • Aspiration and sclerotherapy: This procedure involves draining the cyst using a needle and injecting a sclerosing agent to prevent re-accumulation of fluid
  • Laparoscopic surgery: In cases where the cyst is large or causing significant symptoms, laparoscopic surgery may be performed to remove the cyst or a portion of the affected kidney

Surgical procedures

Aspiration and sclerotherapy

Aspiration and sclerotherapy are minimally invasive procedures used to treat symptomatic kidney cysts. During this procedure, a healthcare professional inserts a long needle into the cyst and drains the fluid. They may also inject a sclerosing agent, such as alcohol, to collapse the cyst and prevent it from refilling with fluid. This procedure can provide relief from symptoms and reduce the risk of complications.

Laparoscopic surgery

In cases where the kidney cyst is large, causing severe symptoms, or is suspected to be cancerous, laparoscopic surgery may be recommended. This minimally invasive surgical procedure involves making small incisions in the abdomen and using specialized instruments to remove the cyst or a portion of the affected kidney. Laparoscopic surgery offers the advantage of faster recovery times and reduced postoperative pain compared to traditional open surgery.

Lifestyle recommendations

Hydration and kidney health

Staying adequately hydrated is essential for maintaining overall kidney health and preventing the formation of kidney cysts. Drinking an appropriate amount of water throughout the day helps flush out waste products and toxins from the body, promoting optimal kidney function.

Diet and nutrition for kidney cysts

While there are no specific dietary guidelines for kidney cysts, adopting a balanced and healthy diet can support overall kidney health. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins provides essential nutrients and antioxidants that promote kidney function. Limiting the intake of processed foods, sodium, and unhealthy fats can also help maintain kidney health.

Prevention strategies

Reducing the risk of kidney cysts

Since the exact cause of kidney cysts is not fully understood, it is challenging to prevent their development entirely. However, certain measures can help reduce the risk of kidney cysts or the progression of existing cysts. These include maintaining a healthy lifestyle, managing underlying conditions such as high blood pressure or diabetes, and avoiding exposure to toxins and harmful substances.

Regular check-ups and screening

Regular check-ups and screening tests can help detect kidney cysts early on and monitor any changes or growth. Individuals with a family history of kidney cysts or those with known risk factors may benefit from more frequent screenings and follow up to ensure timely intervention if necessary.

Conclusion

Kidney cysts are common fluid-filled sacs that can develop on or within the kidneys. While most kidney cysts are harmless and do not cause symptoms or complications, some cysts can grow larger, become symptomatic, or lead to other health problems. Diagnosing kidney cysts involves imaging tests and lab tests to assess kidney function. Treatment options vary depending on the size, symptoms, and complications associated with the cysts. Regular monitoring, lifestyle modifications, and timely intervention can help manage kidney cysts and prevent renal disease.

Remember, if you suspect you have kidney cysts or experience any symptoms related to kidney cysts, it is essential to consult with your healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.

Sources

Medical Disclaimer

NowPatient has taken all reasonable steps to ensure that all material is factually accurate, complete, and current. However, the knowledge and experience of a qualified healthcare professional should always be sought after instead of using the information on this page. Before taking any drug, you should always speak to your doctor or another qualified healthcare provider.

The information provided here about medications is subject to change and is not meant to include all uses, precautions, warnings, directions, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or negative effects. The absence of warnings or other information for a particular medication does not imply that the medication or medication combination is appropriate for all patients or for all possible purposes.

Are renal cysts hereditary?

Some renal cysts, such as those associated with polycystic kidney disease (PKD), have a hereditary component. PKD is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys. It can be inherited in an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive pattern, depending on the specific genetic mutation involved. If you have a family history of PKD or other hereditary renal cystic diseases, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for genetic testing and counseling.

Are renal cysts common?

Yes, renal cysts are relatively common, particularly among older individuals. Studies have shown that simple kidney cysts become more prevalent as people age, with approximately 25% of individuals aged 40-50 having at least one cyst. The prevalence increases to over 50% in individuals over the age of 50. However, not all renal cysts will cause symptoms or require treatment.

Now Patient Data Security

Data Security

Trusted and certified to keep your data safe.

Learn moreNow Patient Data SecurityNow Patient Data Security

WHY WE BUILT NOWPATIENT

We are committed to helping everyone, everywhere live healthier lives

The NowPatient virtual care platform provides you with access to trusted health information, affordable treatments, management of chronic health conditions and continuous monitoring for health risks. NowPatient can be accessed by downloading the App or using your web browser.

Download our app today

NowPatient dashboard

Your Questions Answered

For your peace of mind, we can answer your questions quickly

What does NowPatient do?

NowPatient is an online pharmacy & telehealth service that is available in the US and UK. Our service is FREE and packed with useful features that can help you save money on the cost of your medications, access virtual treatments, and provide tools that can help improve your overall health.

Get started today and benefit from medication remindersGet Treated PrivatelyNHS online pharmacyGP appointment bookingRx savings cardDrug CouponsUS drug savings programshealth conditions informationgenetic testinghome test kitsBMI RisksType 2 Diabetes Riskspollen meterair quality monitor, and lots more!

Our service is operated by experienced medical professionals in the United States and the United Kingdom. You can view the online services that we provide by clicking Features.

UK users can safely and securely buy medicines online that treat a wide range of medical conditions. UK customers can also order NHS prescriptions online with the benefit of free tracked delivery.

US customers, regardless of insurance coverage, can enjoy huge savings on prescription medications using our various drug savings programs including drug coupons, savings card and manufacturer-sponsored patient assistance programs.

Where is NowPatient located?

NowPatient has offices in the United Kingdom and United States.

In the UK, we are located at:

NowPatient
28 Chipstead Valley Road
Coulsdon
Surrey
CR52RA

In the US, we are located at:

NowPatient
8911 North Capital of Texas Highway
Suite 4200 #1263
78759
Austin, TX

How can I contact NowPatient?

To contact NowPatient, please use the contact form available on the Contact Us page.

Alternatively, if you need to speak to us, you can reach us on the following numbers:

UK telephone number – 020 388 51 500
US telephone number – 1-866-967-1977

Who owns NowPatient?

NowPatient is owned and operated by Infohealth Ltd, a licensed online pharmacy with services spanning the UK, US and Rest of the World. Infohealth Ltd is registered in England and Wales under company number 04004930 and our registered office is at Lynwood House, 373 – 375 Station Road, Harrow, England, HA1 2AW.

Our website is www.nowpatient.com. Our App is called “NowPatient” and can be downloaded from the App Store (for Apple devices) or Google Play (for Android devices).

Can you tell me more about your NHS online pharmacy?

NowPatient’s Pharmaceutical services in the UK are provided by Infohealth Limited trading as ‘Infohealth Pharmacy’.

Our dispensing pharmacy is regulated and authorized for internet sales by the General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC), registration number 1036487. You can view our license credentials on the General Pharmaceutical Council website. Our superintendent pharmacist who is responsible for the safe and effective oversight of medicines supplies is Mr Amish Patel (Registration Number 2042705).

Medicines are not ordinary items of commerce. All medicines or healthcare product sales are made under the supervision of a registered pharmacist who is licensed by the GPhC. At all times, we endeavour to provide a professional and transparent service whose primary goal is to ensure that the best interests of the patient are served.

How do I make a complaint?

From time to time, we accept that our service levels may not be up to your expectations. NowPatient welcomes concerns, compliments and complaints as valuable feedback that will help us learn from your experiences and make improvements. Feedback can be provided via our clear and transparent Complaints Procedures.

Can you tell me more about NowPatient’s prescribing services for treatments offered?

Our prescribing services are regulated by the General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC). We provide the following regulated activity:

• treatment of disease, disorder, or injury
• transport services, triage, and medical advice are provided remotely
• caring for adults over 65 years old
• caring for adults under 65 years old

NowPatient prescribing services are run by Infohealth Limited. The Clinical Safety Officer and nominated individual is Mr Navin Khosla.

Can you tell me more about NowPatient’s US services?

Our head of US services is Dr. Jamie Winn.

You can lower the cost of your prescription medications using our various savings programs which include drug coupons, savings card and manufacturer-sponsored patient assistance programs.

We do not provide any prescribing services or dispensing services in the United States.

Is NowPatient legit and can I trust information from NowPatient?

Yes. NowPatient provides trustworthy and accessible clinical, health education and prescription services. We are also trusted by the NHS to deliver clinical and NHS repeat prescription dispensing across the whole of England. In the United States, we work with over 65,000 pharmacies to deliver considerable costs savings for our users.

NowPatient is operated by experienced licensed medical professionals in the United Kingdom and United States. Our Medical Team can be found here.

Our service is trusted by thousands of patients worldwide. You can read their reviews on our Trustpilot:

NowPatient Trustpilot

What are NowPatient’s opening hours?

Our office hours are:

UK – Monday-Friday 9am-6pm GMT
US – Monday-Friday 8am-5pm EST

Please note that we are closed at weekends.

In the event of a medical life-threatening emergency please call:

UK – 999
US – 911

In the event of a medical emergency which is not life-threatening please call:

UK – 111

Find more answers