Malaria
Available treatments
SAFE PRESCRIBING
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Malaria key facts
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Malaria is a life-threatening disease transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes. It is most prevalent in countries such as sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, the Caribbean, parts of Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Oceania. Malaria is not common in Europe or the U.S.
Here, we will take a closer look at Malaria, its causes, symptoms and treatments.
Understanding Malaria: Causes and Transmission
Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites, such as Plasmodium falciparum (falciparum malaria), P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi. These are transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes, injecting the malaria parasites directly into the bloodstream. Parasites pass to the liver, before maturing and multiplying and then moving on to infect red blood cells, leading to the symptoms of Malaria.
Malaria is not contagious and cannot be passed from person to person directly. It can, however, be transmitted through sharing of contaminated needles, or blood transfusions.
Malaria symptoms
Malaria symptoms appear within a week or two after the mosquito bite. Symptoms vary depending on the type of malaria parasite and the infected persons immune response. Symptoms include fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach pain, muscle or joint pain, tiredness, rapid breathing, a rapid heart rate, and cough.
Young children, pregnant women and those with weakened immune systems may experience more severe symptoms, such as difficulty breathing, abnormal bleeding, cerebral malaria, convulsions, organ failure and even malaria deaths, especially if not treated.
Diagnosing Malaria
A healthcare professional will take your medical and travel history to evaluate your symptoms and determine your likelihood of a malaria infection. Laboratory tests will also be carried out, to confirm the specific malaria species. These include microscopy, for the examination of blood samples and rapid diagnostic tests to detect certain proteins produced by the malaria parasites.
Malaria prevention: Strategies and interventions
The primary goal for prevention is to reduce the risk of exposure to mosquito bites. Prevention includes:
Mosquito repellents
Insect repellents containing ingredients such as DEET, Picaridin, or IR3535 may be applied to skin and clothing to repel mosquitoes. Extra precautions should be taken when applying these to children.
Insecticide-treated bed nets
Mosquito nets help to reduce the risk of malaria infection in high-risk areas by providing a physical barrier. The nets are treated with insecticides that kill or repel mosquitoes. Insecticide-treated nets are recommended in areas where malaria transmission is high.
Protective clothing
You are advised to wear long-sleeved shirts, trousers, and closed-toe shoes when outdoors, especially when mosquitos are most active at dusk. This will help protect your skin, reducing the risk of mosquito bites.
Indoor residual spraying
This is the application of insecticides to interior walls and ceilings of the house to kill mosquitoes, helping to reduce malaria transmission.
Chemoprophylaxis for travelers
This is where travellers visiting areas with a high risk of malaria take medicines, to reduce their chances of infection. Medications are recommended based on the destination and the person’s age and medical history. Treatment is started before travel to a malaria-endemic area and continues after returning for a certain amount of time, as recommended by your healthcare provider.
Malaria vaccination
The WHO (World Health Organization) recommends malaria vaccines in areas with moderate to high malaria transmission.
Clean water
Education around the maintenance of a clean water supply is essential as this will help reduce the laying of mosquito eggs and ultimately reduce the spread of malaria.
Malaria treatment
Artemisinin-based combination therapies, such as artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-mefloquine are the most effective treatments against malaria parasites, such as Plasmodium falciparum. Other antimalarial drugs include atovaquone-proguanil, chloroquine, quinine sulfate with doxycycline, and primaquine phosphate.
Severe cases of malaria may also need to be treated with blood transfusions and intravenous fluids, to control body temperature. You should make sure you follow the instructions given to you by your healthcare provider and complete your full course of treatment to prevent any future drug resistance.
Malaria research
Research for malaria is focused on the development of malaria vaccines, new antimalarial medicines, and vector control methods.
Conclusion
Understanding the causes, symptoms, and how to prevent malaria, will help with malaria control in high endemic countries. By working together, we can all help achieve a future where this infectious disease is no longer a threat.
Sources
Service Guide
Everything you need to know about Getting Treated Privately
What does the Get Treated Privately service do?
The Get Treated Privately service is a private prescribing service which is designed for adults aged 18 years and over, who are experiencing health issues and who would like to receive a fast-track assessment and if applicable, a treatment plan from a qualified prescribing clinician. Treatments are dispensed and delivered to your home or workplace from our regulated online pharmacy.
Is this a safe service?
Yes. Our formulary of medications prescribed and conditions treated are controlled, governed, and continuously risk-assessed by our Medical Director, Dr. Aseel Hamoud. Unlike other prescribing services which operate using faceless questionnaires, our service is conducted through remote video consultations, also known as synchronous consultations. This builds patient safety and prescribing appropriateness into our service, ensuring our prescribing clinicians can be satisfied with who and what they are treating. There is no guarantee of supply of medications, and any prescriptions supplied are at the sole discretion of our clinician prescriber. There is no charge for the consultation.
What is a prescribing clinician and is it safe for me to use them on the NowPatient platform?
Our prescribing clinicians are board-certified pharmacists, nurses, or doctors who can also prescribe any medicine for any medical condition, subject to accepted accreditation and good clinical practice. They are all registered with their respective regulatory bodies. For example, a pharmacist independent prescriber is registered with the General Pharmaceutical Council (GPhC). Each prescribing clinician undergoes an extensive background check including a disclosure and barring service check (DBS). In addition, they undergo a rigorous license verification process. When you book an appointment with our prescribing clinicians you will see their full name, license number, and any specialized credentials they have.
Is the service available worldwide?
Yes, the Get Treated Privately service is available worldwide.
Do I need to pay for this service?
Yes. This is a private service. You do not need to pay for the consultation. You only pay for the cost of the medication you are prescribed.
How do I book a consultation?
Once you have logged into your account, you will need to navigate to the Get Treated Privately service card which is located as a service item on the dashboard.
Using the action button on the service card, you can select one of the following – ‘Search Treatments’ or ‘Search Conditions’.
Depending on the search type and the product/condition that you would like to get treated, you will be taken to a consultation booking screen. Follow the simple steps to complete your booking. During the booking confirmation, you will be able to select a date and time that is convenient for you, along with the preferred language and gender of the prescribing clinician you wish to choose. You will then see a list of all available expert clinicians who are trained to assess the medication or condition chosen. Once you have confirmed your booking, you will see a summary of the appointment including preliminary information about the consultation. At this point, you will also be able to add a reminder to your calendar. Always ensure your account health profile is up to date before any consultation. This ensures that our clinicians have the most up-to-date information about your current health status and anything that may influence their prescribing decisions. You will receive a push notification, SMS notification and email reminding you of your consultation, 30 minutes before the virtual consultation is due to start.
Depending on certain medications which require our clinicians to have your up-to-date blood pressure readings, you may be required to submit a virtual blood pressure check, using your smartphone or device. We will provide you with full instructions, when this is required.
What happens during the remote video consultation?
During the consultation, the clinician will ask you a series of questions that will allow the clinician to assess your condition and potential treatment options. At the end of the consultation, the clinician will decide if a treatment is a safe and suitable option for you. If it is, the clinician will discuss the various treatment options that may be available, so that you can jointly agree on the option that is most suited to you. Once you have jointly agreed on a treatment plan, the clinician will issue a prescription order which will be available in your Cart at the end of the consultation.
Also, with your consent, the clinician may wish to inform your doctor of the treatment that was prescribed. We recommend that you agree to this since your doctor is responsible for your overall care and they should have a record of this consultation and medication prescribed. In addition, our clinician may take the opportunity to advise you on your overall health including advice on healthy living or stop smoking.
What happens at the end of the consultation?
At the end of the consultation, you will receive a notification which will summarise the outcome. It will also advise you if any referrals were made to your doctor, along with any other advice that was given to you by the clinician.
If a referral letter was issued to your doctor, you will be able to view a copy of this in the ‘Documents’ section of the dashboard. If you were prescribed a treatment, it will now be available in your Cart.
When you go to your Cart, you will be able to select the treatment, checkout and make payment. Once the checkout is complete, your prescription order will be sent to our regulated online pharmacy for processing.
What if the prescriber does not prescribe what I want?
We operate a safe prescribing service. This means that our prescribing clinicians always exercise their clinical judgment when prescribing. Unfortunately, we do not operate a self select service where you can choose a medication and simply buy. If the clinician that sees you does not prescribe anything, then you will not be charged.
Will I get status updates for my order?
Yes. When your treatment is approved, and after you have checked out and paid for your order, we will keep you fully updated with the status of your order. Every time the status of your order changes, you will be notified immediately. These notifications will appear in the ‘Notification Feed’ section on the dashboard.
How will my order be delivered?
All orders are shipped in discreet and unmarked packaging. This means it is suitable for delivery wherever you require (home, work, or a neighbour).
For thermo-sensitive orders (e.g. Insulin or weight loss injections) we use cold chain-validated packaging. Your parcel will normally receive an estimated delivery window from the courier on the day of delivery.
For your protection and safety, your first order can only be delivered to the address that is registered with NowPatient. Future orders can be delivered to any other address, for example, your workplace.
Do you ship cold-chain or temperature sensitive products?
Yes. We use a specialist courier service for all thermo-sensitive deliveries. This is to ensure that cold chain integrity is always maintained and thus the product quality, safety and efficacy.
Learn more about how we handle the delivery of temperature sensitive products.
Where do you deliver?
We currently deliver to all postcodes/zipcodes worldwide. Some postcodes in rural areas may have a slightly longer delivery time.
When will my order arrive?
We aim to ship all orders placed Monday – Friday before 3pm on the same day. Orders placed outside these times will be shipped the next working day. All deliveries are shipped by Royal Mail, which delivers Monday through Saturday in the UK. For deliveries outside of the UK, please check with your national postal service for accurate delivery days.
Our delivery options have the following delivery times:
- UK – Royal Mail Tracked 24 & Signed for Delivery – Next day delivery
- Europe – Royal Mail Tracked – Typical delivery of 3-5 working days
- Worldwide – Royal Mail – Typical delivery of 5-7 working days. If a tracked option is available for your country via Royal Mail, this service will be applied.
What should I do if my order has not arrived?
Delivery is normally made promptly after your dispatch notification is received. You can check the tracking details of your order in the ‘Notification Feed’ section of the dashboard, at any point after dispatch.
Unfortunately, packages can sometimes get lost in the delivery system. If after 10 days you have not received your delivery, please contact us and we will do all we can to resolve the problem.
Can you prescribe GLP-1 weight loss injections?
Yes. However, with GLP-1 weight loss medications, the license requires that there are support resources put in place as part of the plan including coaching for a healthy lifestyle, exercise, and diet. Our clinicians will discuss this with you, if you are prescribed this type of treatment.
You can learn more on our Weight Loss Programs feature page.
What’s included with my order?
If you are ordering prescription medication, your order will contain your medication only.
If you are ordering weight loss injections, your order will contain:
- Your prescription of pre-filled weight loss injection pens
- Needles
- Sharps bin for safe disposal of needles (if ordered as part of the bundle)
Can I reorder my medication, if I have already been prescribed a course?
Yes. However, as a responsible prescribing service, we do not issue more than one monthly cycle of medication at a time. This means that, if you would like to reorder, you will need to rebook a consultation.
This is important, because it allows our clinicians to keep track on the progress of your treatment plan and ensure that the medication remains safe and effective for you.
What is the earliest I can reorder my medication or treatment?
14 days after you have received your first monthly supply, we will send you a notification to advise you that you are eligible to reorder your medication. To ensure that we are able to safely prescribe the next supply, you will need to rebook a consultation.
This ensures that our clinician can check in on your treatment plan and ensure it is working as intended and continues to be safe, suitable and appropriate for you.
How do I reorder my medication?
When you are eligible to reorder your next medication, we will send you a notification reminder. This notification reminder will request that you book a consultation with a NowPatient Clinician.
You should book a suitable time and date for the consultation.
At the end of the consultation, the clinician may advise you to either
- Stop the treatment
- Stay on the current dose
- Increase the dose
If our clinician deems it safe for you to continue taking the medication, the medication will be added to your cart, from where you can checkout.
Delivery will be made in line with our delivery timescales.
As a responsible prescribing service, we will always monitor your treatment plan to ensure that it remains safe, effective and suitable for you.
How do I reorder weight loss medication?
Our weight loss programs are built to closely monitor treatment progress and safety. Please refer to the Weight Loss Programs Service Guide that explains how you can reorder or step edit your dose.
About Telehealth
Everything you need to know about video consultations
Are remote video consultations right for me?
How do I know if the remote video consultation service is safe?
Do I need to verify my identity during the remote video consultation?
Can I have a chaperone (carer, friend, family member) join a remote video consultation?
How can I be sure that you are handling and protecting my data securely?
How is my data stored?
Are my consultations confidential?
Can I select which clinician I have my consultation with?
Will my doctor be informed of any consultations I have through the app?
Do remote video consultations save money for health systems?
Are remote video consultations safer than online questionnaires?
What quality of care can I expect to receive from a remote video consultation?
Why am I being asked to provide my Blood Pressure reading?
If I don’t have a Blood Pressure monitor, how can I provide my readings?
Is the remote blood pressure monitor safe and medically accurate?
How does the remote blood pressure monitor actually work?
When and how is my remote blood pressure reading taken?
What devices does the remote Blood Pressure monitor work on?
Why do my results keep failing when using the remote blood pressure monitor service?
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